What is the "Matthew Effect" in reading?

The "Matthew Effect" in reading refers to the phenomenon where early success in literacy and reading can lead to further success, while those who struggle initially often face greater challenges as they progress. This idea is based on the biblical principle that "the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer." In the context of reading, children who develop solid reading skills and strategies early on are more likely to become proficient readers, thereby increasing their opportunities for learning, vocabulary acquisition, and knowledge. Conversely, those who have difficulties with reading early in their education may find it more challenging to catch up, resulting in a widening gap between proficient and struggling readers over time. This theoretical framework highlights the importance of early literacy interventions and support for students who may otherwise fall behind.