What distinguishes standardized tests from formative assessments in literacy?

Standardized tests are designed to assess students' performance against a fixed standard, meaning they are created with specific criteria that remain consistent across different administrations. This allows for the comparison of student performance across various demographics or schools, as all students are evaluated based on the same set of expectations and benchmarks. The results are typically used to measure overall achievement levels and can inform education policy and curriculum decisions.

In contrast, formative assessments are more flexible and often conducted during the learning process to provide ongoing feedback. They help educators identify students' strengths and weaknesses and adjust instruction accordingly. Because formative assessments focus on the development of skills and knowledge over time rather than a fixed standard, they do not serve the same comparative function as standardized tests.

Understanding the distinction between these two types of assessment is critical for educators, as it influences teaching strategies, evaluation of student progress, and curriculum development.